新概念英语第三册笔记重点Lesson27

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New words and expression 生词和短语

Philosopher n.哲学家

Wisdom n.智慧 (wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的)

-- He showed great wisdom. 他展示了非凡的智慧。

-- He is a man of wisdom.=He is a wise man.

cut one‘s wisdom teeth 开始懂事

Priest n.牧师

Spiritual adj.精神上的(adj.非物质的, 精神的, 灵魂的)

-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要

spirited adj.精神饱满的, 生机勃勃的, 勇敢的

-- a spirited girl 一个勇敢的女孩

-- low-spirited 沮丧的, high-spirited 兴奋的

-- public-spirited 热心公益的, a spirited debate 热烈的辩论

mental adj.心理的, 智力的

physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的

spirituous adj.酒精的, 含酒精的(liquor n.酒类)

-- spirituous liquor 烈性酒

Grudge v.不愿给, 舍不得给

surgeon n.外科大夫

passer-by n.过路人(复数 passers-by)

dignity n.尊严(高贵)

lose one‘s dignity 丢面子, 失去尊严

-- If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.

-- Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她虽然很穷, 但没有失去她的尊严。

Keep/stand on one‘s dignity 保持自已的尊严

pocket one‘s dignity [口]放下架子

with great dignity 仪态大方

-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity.

太太先生们的举止应该总是十分端庄体面的。

Dignify vt.使有尊严, 使高贵

Dignified adj.高贵的，有尊严的

deliberately adv.故意地(深思熟虑的, 考虑周到的)

on purpose adv.故意

-- He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.

consequence n.后果, 结果

in consequence 因此, 结果

in consequence of... 因为...的缘故, 由于

take the consequences of… 承担…责任

-- You have to take the consequences of the accidence.

Result 一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果

Effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响

Outcome n.结果, 成果(自然的结果)

-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 当时大选的结果还看不准。

afflict v.使苦恼, 折磨

be afflicted with… 受…的折磨

-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)

affliction n.痛苦, 苦恼

afflictive adj.带给人痛苦的, 苦恼的, 难受的

ease n.容易

with ease 熟练地, 轻而易举地

at ease 安逸, 自由自在

be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不宁

put sb. at his ease 使某人宽心, 使某人感到无拘无束

-- The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. (shop assistant n.店员)

take one‘s ease 安心, 放心

-- I take my ease to study English here.

nature n.大自然

contempt n.蔑视

in contempt of… 不顾…

-- In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.(objection n.反对)

hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙视某人=look down upon sb

-- I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.

Contemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齿的, 可轻视的

-- He is a contemptible person.

Contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 傲慢的, 轻视的

Despite n.轻视, 怨[憎]恨, 轻蔑, 侮辱

Scorn(n.轻蔑, 嘲笑)

-- pour scorn on 不屑一顾, 嘲弄

Scornful(adj.轻视的，藐视的)

-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.

他轻蔑地看了她一眼, 告诉她说, 那件衣服卖出去了。

envious adj.嫉妒的(羡慕的)

-- be envious of sb for his success=be envious of sb‘s success

忌妒(羡慕)某人的成功

jealous adj.妒忌的, 羡慕的, 吃醋的

-- She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我们的成就。

Tramp vt.vt.徒步走, 徒步旅行

Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者

Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女

Comfort n.安慰, 舒适

Material adj.物质的 n.材料, 原料

Goods n.商品, 货物

Willing adj.乐意的, 自愿的

Willingly adv.自动地, 欣然地

Precise adj.恰好的, 精确的, 准确的

Precisely adv.正好, 恰恰, 精确地, 准确地

Society n.社会

Skill n.技巧, 技艺, 技能, (专门)技术

General adj.一般的, 普通的

Rule n.常例, 习惯, 规律 n.规则, 惯例

Arouse vt.唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起

Independence n.独立, 自主

Sacrifice v.牺牲, 献出 n.牺牲, 献身

Choose vt.vi.(chose, chosen, choosing)挑选, 选择

Aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的

Anxiety n.忧虑, 焦急

Care n.烦恼, 忧虑

Felt [felt] (feel的过去式和过去分词)

Text 课文

What is the most important thing for a tramp?

It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.

It is said that… 据说…

Live by=to make enough money to feed oneself

Live by… 以某种职业为生

Live on… 依靠某种食物维持生命, 或靠某人生活。

-- Sheep and cows live on grasses.

-- He lives chiefly on fruit. (Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地)

-- Though he is over thirty, he still lives on his parents.

In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling

wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.

In the light of… 按照, 根据, 考虑到, 从...的观点

In the light of=according to=taking into account

-- The theory has been abandoned in the light of modern discovery.

-- In the light of the evidence it was decided to take the manufacturers to court.(n.法院, 庭院)

In accordance with... 依照…(用在法律上, 更加正式)

-- In accordance with the law

-- In accordance with the regulation (n.规则, 规章)

Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is

extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.

in terms of 按照, 在...方面, 就…而言, 关于

-- He thinks of every thing in terms of people’s interests.(n.利益)

他依据(按照)人民的利益考虑任何事。

In terms of

=in respect of(关于, 就…来说), with respect to(关于, 至于, 谈到)

=in/with regard to(关于), as regards(关于, 至于)

There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we

might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.

There are times when… 有的时候…

Would表达一种心理的愿望, 并不表示过去。

-- There are time when we would willingly give everything we possess to bring our family

happiness.

Grudge vt.吝啬, 不愿给, 勉强给(后面要和名词和动名词搭配)

-- I grudge wasting time on this. 我不愿在这件事上浪费时间。

-- He grudge paying so much money for such bad food.

The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods

are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

The conditions of society are such=Such are the conditions of society

Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.

They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.

Require sth from…

In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.

In seeking independence=In the course of seeking independence

In和动名词搭配, 表示在…的过程当中。

-- In speaking to him, I found that he stammers.(v.口吃, 结巴着说出)

On和动名词搭配, 表示一…就…

-- In crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.(adj.脱去的, 解开的, 放松的)

在进入大厅的时候, 我注意到我的鞋带松了。

-- On crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.

一进入大厅的时候, 我就注意到我的鞋带松了。

A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.

He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.

Fully=completely

He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands

of anxieties which afflict other people.

be free from… 不受…的影响, 免于...(=without)

-- The old lady is never free from pain.

-- free from error 没有错误, free from anxiety 没有忧虑

-- He is leading a life free from care and anxieties.

Care(n.烦恼, 忧虑) anxiety(n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望)

His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.

Make it possible for sb to do sth

By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever

do.

He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real

need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.

keep oneself alive 为了生存

We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but

how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of

life and their freedom from care?

With +名词(表示具有、带有)

-- How many of us can honestly say that we wouldn’t like to learn English well?

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1>A circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况

2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的

compensate v.偿还, 补偿

inconvenience n.麻烦, 不方便之处

3>B in moments of truth=truly

undignified adj.无尊严的

compare v.比较, 相比, 比喻 n.比较

burden v.负担 n.担子, 负担

livelihood n.生计, 谋生

4>B

5>B a中的have to用的不恰当

对两者的否定

Neither…nor…

Nothing…nor…

Nor位于句首, 倒装。

6>B

7>D contemptuously adv.轻蔑地

speak of 谈及, 说到

speak for 代表...讲话, 为…辩护

speak on 就…而发言

speak to 与…谈话, 向...说

8>C

9>C

financial adj.财政的, 金融的

insure vt.给...保险 v.确保

sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不适, 恶心

10>

from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方; 各地, 到处

=here and there 各处, 到处

one way or another 无论如何, 某种方法

in every sense 在各种意义上

-- He is a cheat in every sense.(cheat n.欺骗, 骗子)

11>B to survive=keep himself alive

12>C

look down upon/on 蔑视, 瞧不起

convict vt.(常与of连用)证明有…罪;宣判有…罪

-- He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。

Blame vt.(常与for连用)责备, 谴责 n.过失, 责备

-- She blamed me for the accident.

Condemn vt.判刑, 处刑(常与to连用)判以死刑或无期徒刑

be condemned to death 被判死刑

-- The prisoner was condemned to death.

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